The literature has been searched by using the following keywords: “road markings,” “pavement markings,” “retroreflectivity of road markings,” “road markings and road safety,” “road markings and driver behaviour,” and “visibility of road markings.” The search was conducted on the following databases: Current Contents, Science Citation Index, Science Citation Index Expanded, Scopus, and Transportation Research Record. CAUSES OF LACK OF ROAD SAFETY PROFESSIONALThe studies included in this review relate to at least one of the above groups and were published between 19 in an English language peer-reviewed journal, conference proceeding, or as a professional report. Methodologyīased on the aim of this review, the identified studies have been categorized into two groups: (1) studies on the impact of road markings on driver behaviour and (2) studies on the impact of road markings on road safety. For this purpose, we have analysed the studies related to the influence of longitudinal and transverse road markings as well as road markings for hazard locations (curves, intersections, and rural-urban transitions) on driver’s behaviour and overall road safety. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the most significant academic research regarding the road markings as an important road safety element. Their further development and expanded use in the mid-1960s prompted academic activities focused on a variety of issues such as impact of road markings on driver behaviour and road safety, visibility of road markings, road markings material selection, implementation of road marking, their environmental impact and acoustic properties, and monitoring and maintenance of road markings. Since then, road markings have become an important and inseparable part of road infrastructure and one of the common safety elements around the world. The first use of road markings was documented in 1911 along the Trenton River Road in Michigan. Generally, as part of the traffic control plan, road markings delineate the traffic surface by using lines, text, and symbols to provide visual guidance information for road users. CAUSES OF LACK OF ROAD SAFETY DRIVERSThe concept aims at conveying information about the upcoming situation to the drivers in an easy and intuitive way, using various measures, including the most cost-effective ones related to road markings and road signs. One of the modern concepts related to road infrastructure is the concept of “self-explaining roads.” First implemented in the Netherlands, the concept encourages drivers to naturally adopt a behaviour consistent with the road design. The aim of such an approach is simultaneous proactive action directed at improving the road infrastructure, superstructure, vehicle safety systems, legislation, and behaviour of road users. Accordingly, current road safety strategies clearly distinguish between the factors that truly cause road accidents (be it road user, environmental, road-related, etc.) and focus on a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach to addressing this problem. Roadway characteristics, as well as the vehicle itself, can provoke driver’s error and thus be the primary cause of the accident. Given the propensity for error, drivers have long been considered a major cause of road accidents, although external factors typically contribute to driver’s error. This slow progress is partially due to the dynamic and complex nature of road traffic, and safety performance depends on a number of interconnected factors related to the roadway environment, vehicle, and road users. Although road safety is improving in most European countries, the progress remains slow and misaligned with established targets. The statistics show that, in 2018 alone, 25,047 people were killed on EU roads. Road accidents are one of the leading causes of death in the world. The studies are, based on their aim, divided into two categories: (1) studies on the impact of road markings on driver behaviour (36 studies) and (2) studies on the impact of road markings on road safety (35 studies). The review includes a total of 71 studies from which are 52 peer-reviewed journal studies, 4 conference proceedings, and 15 professional reports. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the most significant academic activities to date regarding the influence of longitudinal and transverse road markings as well as road markings for hazard locations (curves, intersections, and rural-urban transitions) on driver’s behaviour and overall road safety. Since their first application to the present day, road markings have become a common element of road infrastructure and one of the basic low-cost safety measures. As part of the traffic control plan, road markings form the traffic surface and provide visual guidance for road users.
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